synthesis and nano structural study on tio2-nio-sio2 composite

we report on the synthesis, morphology, chemically and structurally of tio2-nio-sio2 nanostructure. the tio2-nio-sio2 nanostructure was synthesized by a method based on the sol-gel method, by the simultaneous gelation of all cations. the coatings were deposited on dried soda-lime glass slides by spin coating. composite powders and coating on glass have been characterized by xrd, sem, edax, and ftir. x-ray diffraction showed the formation of nano crystalline, anatase, tio, nio and nitio3 phases. scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanostructure formed by increasing the calcinations temperatures. edx spectroscopy confirmed the composition of the ternary powders and coating, which were formed during the gelation process. the effects of chemical compositions and calcinations temperature on the surface topography and the crystallization of phases were studied. the activation energy (e) of nanoparticles formation during thermal treatment was calculated.